It's not that there's no verb tenses in English, it's that there's not a lot of verb conjugations (endings) compared to a lot of other languages. Instead of modifying the verb itself, English uses helping verbs (particularly conjugations of "to be") to create all the tenses. Many of them are just the present tense with the extra verbs added on.
to bake (present tense)
I/you/we/they/you all - bake
he/she/it - bakes
A lot of other languages would have like... at least three more conjugations (for you, we and they) and that's not counting things like "polite" vs "causal" forms of pronouns, some with their own conjugations... or how different verbs are sometimes grouped together into "familes" of conjugations...
Then you get into all the tenses...
present tense - bake/bakes
past tense - baked
future tense - will bake
And that's not even going into things like perfect tense (am/are baking)...
That said, if you cut out the helping verbs and the irregular verbs (which most helping verbs are), then you *really* only have four different verb conjugations to learn...
(normal verb)
-s
-ed
-ing
Which is.... *way* fewer conjugations than almost any other language. It also means English *really* needs the sentence subject that is *doing* the verb to make grammatical sense and that the helping verbs *need* to get conjugated right.
I will be baking.
I am baking.
These are *not* the same tenses even though they use the same verb conjugation!
Compare that to oh... Spanish... which has the following conjugation *just* for present tense...
comer (to eat)
I - como
you (informal) - comes
he/she/it/you (formal) - come
we - comemos
you all (informal) - coméis
they/ you all (formal) - come
And that's *one* family of verbs... the ones that end in "-er". There's "-ar" and "-ir" verb endings with their own (similar) conjugations and a whole bunch of irregular verbs that have their own conjugations... On the other hand, Spanish *can* leave out pronouns a lot easier than English can and still work as a language...
Compared to stuff like *that*... English's verb conjugations are almost confusing in how *few* there are of them...